護理師正在照護一位新診斷為肺癌第四期的病人。病人表示:「如果我的心臟停止跳動,我不想進行任何急救措施。」護理師的首要行動應為何?
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of Stage IV lung cancer. The client states, 'I do not want any heroic measures if my heart stops.' What should be the nurse's priority action?
- ADocument the client's request in the nursing notes在護理紀錄中記錄客戶的要求
- BProvide information about Advance Directives and a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order✓ 正解提供關於預立醫療指示和心肺復甦術拒絕命令(DNR)的資訊
- CNotify the physician immediately to obtain a written order立即通知醫師以取得書面醫囑
- DAdvise the client to discuss this with their family members建議客戶與家人討論此事
本題的核心在於尊重病人自主權(Autonomy)與預立醫療指示(Advance Directives)的程序。當病人表達拒絕急救的意願時,護理師的首要任務是確保病人充分了解其法律權利並獲得正確的工具來落實這些意願。提供預立醫療指示與 DNR 的資訊是教育病人的關鍵步驟,這能將病人的口頭意願轉化為具有法律效力的醫療文件。選項 A 僅記錄護理紀錄是不夠的,因為這不具備醫療指令的效力。選項 D 雖然重要,但不是法律上的首要程序,且可能延誤病人自主權的落實。選項 C 雖然最終需要醫師開立醫囑,但在醫師介入前,護理師應先釐清病人的意向並提供衛教,確保病人是在資訊充足的情況下做出決定。在 Management of Care 的框架下,維護病人權利與協助法律文件的完備是護理師在倫理與法律層面的重要職責,這能避免在緊急情況下發生不符合病人意願的急救。
The nurse's priority is to support the client's autonomy by educating them on advance directives and Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, which are the legal mechanisms to honor their wish to refuse heroic measures. Documentation alone or notifying the physician without prior education does not ensure the client understands how to legally formalize their decision.
在美國,1990 年《病人自決法》(PSDA)強制要求醫療機構在入院時詢問預立醫囑;台灣在《病人自主權利法》通過後,雖然也強調預立醫療決定(AD),但實務上常需經過較為繁瑣的預立醫療照護諮商(ACP)程序,且家屬的意見在文化層面往往仍有極大影響力,護理師需在法律與文化情感間取得平衡。