— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
低血容積的病人應出現哪些評估結果？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings in a client with hypovolemia are expected? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BIncreased urine specific gravity✓ 正解尿液比重大幅增加
- CBounding peripheral pulses周邊脈搏強而有力
- DOrthostatic hypotension✓ 正解姿勢性低血壓
- EDecreased serum creatinine血清肌酸酐降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容積時，身體為維持心輸出量會產生代償性心跳過速。腎臟為保留水分，尿比重會上升。姿勢性低血壓則是因周邊血管阻力與容積不足導致。C 錯誤：脈搏應微弱；E 錯誤：CREA 可能隨腎灌流不足而上升，非下降。
In hypovolemia, the body produces compensatory tachycardia to maintain cardiac output. To conserve water, the kidneys produce urine with a higher specific gravity. Orthostatic hypotension results from inadequate peripheral vascular resistance and insufficient circulating volume. Option C is incorrect because pulses should be weak and thready; option E is incorrect because creatinine may rise rather than fall due to decreased renal perfusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台醫療系統在處理脫水時，對輸液選擇與監測標準均一致，皆依賴中心靜脈壓與尿量作為指標。