針對術後兩天的病人，哪項護理措施對預防肺塌陷（Atelectasis）最有效？
Which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing atelectasis for a client who is two days post-operative?
- AMaintaining a supine position保持仰臥姿勢
- BAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- CEncouraging the use of an incentive spirometer✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘導式肺量計
- DRestricting fluid intake to prevent overload限制水分攝取以防過載
術後兩天病人因長期臥床、疼痛導致呼吸淺快、咳嗽反射受抑制，肺底部肺泡易塌陷（Atelectasis）。預防肺塌陷的核心在於促進肺部擴張（Lung expansion）與分泌物清除。誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer, IS）透過誘發病人進行深吸氣，增加跨肺壓力差，使肺泡充分擴張，是預防術後併發症最有效的非侵入性措施。護理思路應優先選擇能直接改善呼吸力學的介入。
On postoperative day 2, prolonged bed rest and pain-induced shallow, rapid breathing and suppressed cough reflex predispose the basal alveoli to collapse (atelectasis). The core of atelectasis prevention is promoting lung expansion and clearing secretions. An incentive spirometer (IS) induces the client to take deep inspirations, increases transpulmonary pressure, and allows the alveoli to fully expand; it is the most effective non-invasive measure for preventing postoperative complications. Nursing reasoning should prioritize interventions that directly improve respiratory mechanics.
在美國臨床，IS 的執行頻率（如每小時 10 次）常由護理師衛教並督導病人完成，且會記錄在電子病歷。台灣部分醫院亦有此標準，但在執行落實度上，美國護理師對呼吸治療設備的衛教權責更為明確。