一位 1 型糖尿病病人血糖值為 45 mg/dL，意識清醒且吞嚥功能正常。護理師應優先採取何種介入措施？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. The client is alert and able to swallow. Which intervention should the nurse perform first?
- AStart an intravenous infusion of D50W開始靜脈輸注 50% 葡萄糖溶液（D50W）
- BAdminister 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly肌肉注射 1 mg 升糖素
- CRecheck blood glucose in 30 minutes30 分鐘後重新測量血糖
- DAdminister 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解給予 15 公克速效碳水化合物
針對清醒且能吞嚥的低血糖病人，應依據「15-15 原則」，給予 15 克快速吸收碳水化合物，每 15 分鐘監測一次血糖。若無法口服才考慮注射升糖素或靜脈注射高濃度葡萄糖。優先採取最簡單且非侵入性的口服治療可迅速提升血糖。
For a conscious client with hypoglycemia who is able to swallow, the 15-15 rule should be followed: administer 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrate and recheck blood glucose every 15 minutes. Only if the client is unable to take oral intake should glucagon injection or IV high-concentration dextrose be considered. Choosing the simplest, least invasive oral treatment first rapidly restores blood glucose.
台美對於低血糖處置均依賴 15-15 原則，但美國護理師常依據護理標準作業程序執行，台灣臨床多需醫師開立醫囑。