— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列何者為病人安全之關鍵步驟？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which nursing action is essential for patient safety?
- AEnsure the client has a fasting blood glucose level確保病人有空腹血糖值
- BMonitor the site for signs of arterial infiltration監測靜脈注射部位是否有動脈浸潤跡象
- CAdminister the medication via rapid IV push透過快速靜脈推注給藥
- DVerify the medication is diluted before infusion✓ 正解確認藥物在輸注前已稀釋
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀嚴禁直接靜脈推注（IV push），因為高濃度鉀會導致心臟驟停。輸注前必須稀釋，且通常需透過輸液幫浦控制流速。B 選項錯誤在於應監測靜脈炎或外滲（extravasation），而非動脈。D 與給藥安全性無直接關聯。
Potassium chloride must never be given by direct IV push, because high concentrations of potassium can cause cardiac arrest. The medication must be diluted before infusion and is generally administered using an infusion pump to control the rate. Option B is incorrect: the nurse should monitor for phlebitis or extravasation, not arterial infiltration. Option A has no direct relationship to medication safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣通常使用預混袋（Premixed bag），美國部分醫院若無預混袋需嚴格執行藥劑科配製。