— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人獲開立靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。下列哪項發現應讓護理師警覺是「紅人症候群」？
A client is prescribed intravenous Vancomycin. Which finding should the nurse recognize as 'Red Man Syndrome'?
- ADiffuse flushing, pruritus, and hypotension✓ 正解全身性潮紅、搔癢和低血壓
- BHigh fever and chills shortly after infusion輸注後不久出現高燒和寒顫
- CElevated creatinine and decreased urine output肌酸酐升高和尿量減少
- DGeneralized hives and bronchospasm全身性蕁麻疹和支氣痙攣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快，導致組織胺釋放所引起的類過敏反應。典型症狀為面部、頸部及軀幹泛紅、搔癢及低血壓。B 是真正的過敏反應；C 為腎毒性；D 為輸注過程中常見的發熱反應，但非紅人症候群定義。
Red man syndrome is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by histamine release secondary to overly rapid infusion of vancomycin. Typical symptoms include flushing of the face, neck, and trunk, pruritus, and hypotension. Option D represents a true allergic reaction; option C reflects nephrotoxicity; and option B describes a pyrogenic reaction commonly seen during infusion, which does not meet the definition of red man syndrome.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院通常強制規定 Vancomycin 需在 60-90 分鐘內滴注，以預防此情況。