護理師正在為一位慢性疼痛病人制定教學計畫，何種心理社會因素最可能加劇疼痛感知？
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with chronic pain. Which psychosocial factor is most likely to exacerbate pain perception?
- AHigh levels of anxiety and depression✓ 正解高程度的焦慮與憂鬱
- BStrong social support system強大的社會支持系統
- CPositive coping strategies正面的因應策略
- DEngagement in meaningful activities參與有意義的活動
心理社會因素與疼痛感知密不可分。焦慮與憂鬱會透過神經內分泌機制（如壓力荷爾蒙分泌）影響痛閾（pain threshold）。當病人處於焦慮狀態時，神經系統對疼痛的敏感度增加，且憂鬱會使病人對疼痛的應對能力下降，進而加劇主觀的疼痛感受。護理師在治療慢性疼痛時，必須同時處理病人的心理狀態，而非僅僅依賴止痛藥物。
Psychosocial factors are closely linked to pain perception. Anxiety and depression influence the pain threshold through neuroendocrine mechanisms (such as stress hormone release). When the client is anxious, the nervous system becomes more sensitive to pain, and depression reduces the client's ability to cope with pain, thereby intensifying subjective pain experience. When treating chronic pain, the nurse must address the client's psychological state in addition to relying on analgesic medications.