— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備對病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪項護理措施是必要的？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCl) IV piggyback to a client. Which nursing action is essential?
- AEnsure the client is on a cardiac monitor確保病人連接心電監護儀
- BVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100mL✓ 正解確認濃度不超過 10 mEq/100mL
- CAdminister via a peripheral line only僅經周邊靜脈通路給藥
- DInfuse at a rate of 50 mEq/hour以 50 mEq/hour 的速度輸注
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 具高度血管刺激性。標準臨床安全規範為周邊輸注濃度不可超過 10 mEq/100mL，以防造成血管壞死或靜脈炎。D 選項速度過快將導致致命心律不整，通常每小時不超過 10-20 mEq，且需依機構規定。
KCl is highly irritating to blood vessels. The standard clinical safety guideline is that the concentration for peripheral infusion must not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL, to prevent vascular necrosis or phlebitis. Option D's infusion rate is too fast and would cause lethal dysrhythmias; the usual maximum is 10-20 mEq/hour, and exact limits depend on institutional policy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地均嚴格管控鉀離子輸注安全，但美國醫院常有專責藥師協助核對高警訊藥物（High-alert meds）。