下列哪項行動最能提升醫療單位的病人安全？
Which of the following actions best promotes patient safety in a medical unit?
- AAvoiding communication about safety to prevent alarm避免討論安全議題以防止警報疲勞
- BReporting near-miss incidents to the facility's safety system✓ 正解向機構的安全系統通報虛驚事件
- CEnsuring only physicians document safety issues確保僅由醫師記錄安全問題
- DIgnoring minor errors if no harm occurs若未造成傷害則忽略小錯誤
提升病人安全不僅僅是處理已發生的錯誤，更重要的是建立「不責備文化」（Just Culture）。通報虛驚事件（Near-miss）（B）能讓醫療團隊在傷害發生前識別出系統性漏洞，並採取預防措施。忽略小錯誤（D）會導致護理常規鬆懈；僅由醫師記錄（C）會忽略護理師作為第一線照護者的觀察；隱瞞訊息（A）更是病人安全的大忌。因此，主動通報近失事件是提升醫療單位安全品質最有效且最積極的行動。
Improving patient safety is not only about responding to errors that have already occurred but also about establishing a Just Culture. Reporting near-miss incidents (B) allows the healthcare team to identify systemic vulnerabilities before harm occurs and to implement preventive measures. Ignoring minor errors (D) leads to lax nursing routines; having only physicians document safety issues (C) overlooks the bedside nurse's role as a first-line observer; and concealing information (A) is fundamentally incompatible with patient safety. Active reporting of near-miss events is therefore the most effective and proactive way to improve safety quality on a medical unit.