— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人獲處方使用華法林（Warfarin），護理師應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which points should the nurse include in the client's education? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of foods containing vitamin K✓ 正解維持含維生素K食物的攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristle toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- CReport any unusual bleeding or bruising✓ 正解回報任何異常出血或瘀青
- DIncrease intake of green leafy vegetables to avoid constipation增加綠色葉菜攝取量以避免便秘
- EAvoid using aspirin or NSAIDs without physician approval✓ 正解未經醫師許可避免使用阿斯匹靈或NSAIDs
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林為維生素 K 拮抗劑，飲食中攝取過多維生素 K 會影響藥效。重點為攝取要「一致」而非「避免」，以維持 INR 穩定。此外，出血風險增加，需採取出血防護措施（軟毛刷）並嚴禁併用增加出血風險的止痛藥（NSAIDs）。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, and excessive intake of vitamin K in the diet can interfere with its efficacy. The key is 'consistent' intake rather than 'avoidance,' in order to maintain a stable INR. In addition, bleeding risk is increased; bleeding precautions (such as a soft-bristled toothbrush) must be implemented, and concurrent use of analgesics that increase bleeding risk (NSAIDs) must be strictly avoided.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人對飲食衛教較常誤解為「完全不能吃」，美國則強調「保持穩定」，護理師需特別加強此觀念。