護理師為新開立華法林（Warfarin）的病人進行出院衛教，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge education for a client newly prescribed warfarin. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of green leafy vegetables✓ 正解保持綠色葉菜攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush for oral hygiene✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷進行口腔清潔
- CReport any unusual bruising or bleeding to the healthcare provider✓ 正解向醫療保健提供者報告任何異常瘀青或出血
- DIncrease intake of cranberry juice to enhance anticoagulation增加蔓越莓汁攝取以增強抗凝血效果
- EAvoid using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)✓ 正解避免使用非類固醇消炎藥（NSAIDs）
華法林（Warfarin）是維生素 K 拮抗劑，其藥效極易受飲食中維生素 K 攝取量波動影響。護理師需確保病人「維持穩定」的攝取量，而非禁食。由於藥物會抑制凝血因子合成，病人出血風險極高，必須採取保護措施（如軟毛牙刷）並密切監測出血跡象。此外，NSAIDs 會干擾血小板功能，併用會大幅增加嚴重出血風險，必須禁止。
Clients on warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to prevent fluctuations in INR levels rather than avoiding them entirely. Safety measures include using a soft-bristled toothbrush to minimize gum bleeding, reporting unusual bruising, and avoiding NSAIDs, which increase bleeding risk by impairing platelet function.
在美國臨床，護理師會強調居家監測 INR 的重要性，並常使用 Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) 設備。病人教育更側重於「藥物交互作用」的警覺性（包括中草藥如銀杏、當歸）。