護理師為失智病人規劃照護計畫。下列哪些措施有助於安全與舒適？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client with dementia. Which measures are appropriate for safety and comfort? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep a consistent daily routine✓ 正解保持一致的每日作息
- BPlace identifying objects in the room✓ 正解在房間內放置識別物品
- CUse strict physical restraints to prevent wandering使用嚴格的物理約束以防止遊蕩
- DEnsure adequate lighting to prevent shadows✓ 正解確保充足照明以避免陰影
- ESpeak in long, detailed sentences使用長而詳細的句子說話
失智症（Dementia）病人的照護核心在於「減少環境刺激」與「增加定向感」。病人因認知功能退化，對突發變動容易感到焦慮或混亂，因此維持規律作息能提供安全感。此外，透過環境調整（如改善照明、放置懷舊物品）能有效降低因視覺誤判產生的幻覺或跌倒風險。溝通方面應採取簡短、明確的指令，避免過於複雜的句子造成病人的認知負荷。
The core of dementia care lies in 'reducing environmental stimulation' and 'enhancing orientation.' Because of cognitive decline, the client easily becomes anxious or confused with sudden changes, so maintaining a consistent routine provides a sense of security. In addition, environmental adjustments such as improved lighting and placement of familiar objects can effectively reduce hallucinations or fall risk caused by visual misperception. Communication should use brief, clear instructions and avoid overly complex sentences that would increase the client's cognitive load.