護理師應採取哪項措施來預防長期臥床病人的關節攣縮？
Which action should the nurse take to prevent contractures in a client with prolonged immobility?
- AApply cold compresses to joints對關節應用冷敷
- BKeep the client's limbs in a flexed position讓病人的肢體保持屈曲姿勢
- CAdminister high doses of Vitamin D給予高劑量維生素D
- DPerform passive range-of-motion exercises✓ 正解執行被動性關節活動度運動
長期臥床或活動受限的病人，由於缺乏肢體活動，肌肉和結締組織容易縮短，導致關節僵硬和攣縮（contractures）。關節攣縮會嚴重影響關節的活動範圍，導致永久性的功能障礙，進而影響病人的生活品質和康復潛力。護理師在照護這類病人時，預防關節攣縮是維持其肢體功能和促進康復的重要環節。 執行被動性關節活動度（Passive Range-of-Motion, PROM）運動是預防關節攣縮最有效且基本的護理措施。透過護理師或照顧者協助病人活動所有關節，使其達到最大活動範圍，可以維持關節的彈性、促進血液循環，並防止肌肉和結締組織的縮短。這項措施應規律且輕柔地執行，以避免對關節造成額外傷害，並應納入日常護理計畫中，以確保病人能維持最佳的肢體功能。
In clients with prolonged bed rest or restricted mobility, the lack of limb movement causes muscles and connective tissues to shorten, leading to joint stiffness and contractures. Joint contractures severely impair range of motion, causing permanent functional impairment that affects the client's quality of life and rehabilitation potential. When caring for these clients, preventing joint contractures is an important component of maintaining limb function and promoting recovery. Performing passive range-of-motion (PROM) exercises is the most effective and fundamental nursing intervention for preventing joint contractures. By helping the client move all joints through their full range of motion, the nurse or caregiver can maintain joint flexibility, promote circulation, and prevent shortening of muscles and connective tissue. This intervention should be performed regularly and gently to avoid additional joint injury and should be incorporated into the daily care plan to ensure that the client maintains optimal limb function.