為了預防高齡病人跌倒，護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse take to prevent falls in an elderly client? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將床置於最低位置
- BPlace frequently used items within reach✓ 正解將常用物品置於伸手可及處
- CUse a night light in the bathroom✓ 正解在浴室使用夜燈
- DInstruct the client to call for assistance before getting up✓ 正解指導病人在起身前呼叫協助
- EApply soft physical restraints to keep the client in bed使用軟性身體約束具使病人留在床上
預防跌倒是高齡照護的核心目標。護理師應採取多層次的安全預防措施，透過環境調整與病人教育來降低風險。正確選項皆屬於實證支持的跌倒防制策略：維持環境低重心、減少病人變換姿勢的需求、提供清晰視覺輔助，以及建立呼叫協助的溝通機制。約束屬於限制病人自主性的強制手段，除非有明確的醫囑且評估其他替代方案無效，否則絕非預防跌倒的首選或常規介入。
Fall prevention is a core goal in care of older adults. The nurse should implement multi-layered safety measures, lowering risk through environmental adjustment and patient teaching. The correct options are all evidence-based fall-prevention strategies: maintaining a low environmental center of gravity, reducing the need for the client to change positions, providing clear visual support, and establishing a system for calling for assistance. Restraints are coercive measures that limit a client's autonomy; unless there is a clear order and alternative measures have been evaluated as ineffective, they are not a first-line or routine intervention for fall prevention.
美國醫院對於約束 (Restraints) 的規範極嚴，必須有醫師即時醫囑 (Face-to-face evaluation)，且需頻繁評估與記錄，絕不可作為預防跌倒的常規手段，違者涉及非法拘禁 (False imprisonment)。