護理師準備給藥，下列哪項行動最能確保用藥安全？
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client. Which action best ensures medication safety?
- AAsk the client's family member to verify the identity請病人的家屬確認身分
- BAsk the client to state their name and birth date✓ 正解請病人自述姓名與出生日期
- CCheck the medication name on the label once檢查標籤上的藥物名稱一次
- DVerify the client's room number確認病人的病房號碼
NCLEX 強調病人安全與預防給藥錯誤。為了防止「給錯病人」，必須使用至少兩個病人辨識碼（Patient Identifiers），如病人全名與出生日期（Date of Birth, DOB）。這些資訊必須與病人的識別手環進行核對，而非僅僅依靠病房號碼或問病人「你是某某某嗎？」（這種問法易導致病人因聽錯或意識模糊而錯誤點頭）。此過程應在給藥前一刻執行，是給藥安全的核心步驟。
To ensure medication safety, the nurse must use at least two patient-specific identifiers, such as asking the client to state their full name and date of birth. This method is preferred over relying on room numbers or asking yes/no questions, which can lead to errors if the client is confused or mishears. Verifying identity directly with the client is the standard protocol to prevent administering medication to the wrong person.
在美國臨床實務中，病人辨識手環的使用非常嚴格，且通常結合條碼給藥系統（Bar-Code Medication Administration, BCMA）。台灣臨床雖也重視身分核對，但部分情境下對條碼掃描的依賴程度或手環核對的嚴格度，各醫院間差異較大。