哪些措施適合用於預防術後病人發生深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are appropriate measures to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative clients? (Select all that apply.)
- AEarly ambulation✓ 正解早期下床活動
- BEncouraging frequent leg exercises✓ 正解鼓勵頻繁進行腿部運動
- CApplying sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解使用順序性加壓裝置（SCDs）
- DMassaging the legs to reduce swelling按摩腿部以減輕腫脹
- EEnsuring adequate hydration✓ 正解確保充足的水分攝取
預防深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）的核心在於維持血液動力學穩定，促進靜脈回流並減少血液鬱積（Virchow's Triad）。術後病人因長期臥床、手術壓力與脫水，極易形成血栓。護理重點應放在非侵入性的機械性與生理性輔助，如早期下床、腿部運動、穿戴彈力襪或使用空氣壓縮器（SCDs），以及維持足夠的水分補給。嚴禁按摩腿部，因其可能導致既有的血栓脫落，引發致命性的肺栓塞。
The core of DVT prevention is maintaining hemodynamic stability, promoting venous return, and reducing venous stasis (Virchow's triad). Postoperative clients are highly prone to thrombus formation because of prolonged bed rest, surgical stress, and dehydration. Nursing measures should focus on noninvasive mechanical and physiological supports such as early ambulation, leg exercises, anti-embolism stockings or sequential compression devices (SCDs), and adequate hydration. Leg massage is strictly prohibited because it can dislodge an existing thrombus and precipitate a fatal pulmonary embolism.
在美國臨床環境中，預防 DVT 的措施（如 SCDs 的使用與早期下床）通常遵循嚴格的標準化醫囑（Standing Orders）與護理計畫。護理師需主動評估並落實，若病人無法下床，SCDs 的使用率與正確性是護理品質指標（Quality Indicators）的一部分。