下列哪些措施對於預防老年病人跌倒至關重要？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are essential for preventing falls in a geriatric client? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the hospital bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病床調整至最低位置
- BEncourage the client to wear non-slip footwear✓ 正解鼓勵病人穿著防滑鞋
- CRemove clutter from the bedside area✓ 正解清除床邊區域的雜物
- DKeep the call light within reach at all times✓ 正解隨時保持呼叫器在可觸及範圍內
- EApply side rails to all four sides of the bed在床的四側都安裝床欄
跌倒預防核心是移除危險因子。低床位可縮短墜落高度；防滑鞋可增加抓地力；移除障礙物減少絆倒；呼叫鈴在手邊可降低病人嘗試自行下床的需求。四邊全上床欄在法律上可能被視為「非法約束」（Restraint），且病人若攀爬床欄反而導致從高處墜落，需依醫院政策謹慎評估。
The core of fall prevention is removing risk factors. A low bed position reduces the height of any fall; non-slip footwear improves traction; removing clutter decreases tripping hazards; keeping the call light within reach reduces the client's need to attempt ambulation independently. Raising all four side rails may legally be considered an unauthorized restraint, and if the client tries to climb over the rails, the fall may be from a greater height; this must be evaluated carefully according to hospital policy.
美國對於「床欄」的使用定義明確，視為約束（Restraint）；台灣臨床則視為安全防護，常規使用兩側床欄，四側則需評估。