護理師照護一位進行膀胱連續沖洗（CBI）的病人，哪些情形應回報醫師？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). Which findings should be reported to the provider? (Select all that apply.)
- ABright red drainage with large clots✓ 正解引流液呈鮮紅色且含有大量血塊
- BDrainage volume significantly less than irrigation inflow✓ 正解引流液量顯著少於灌入量
- CPink-tinged drainage that is clear引流液呈粉紅色且清澈
- DClient reports severe bladder spasms✓ 正解客戶報告嚴重的膀胱痙攣
- EDrainage is light amber color引流液呈淺琥珀色
膀胱連續沖洗（Continuous Bladder Irrigation, CBI）常用於經尿道前列腺切除術（TURP）後，目的是預防血塊阻塞導管。護理師需監測沖洗液與引流液的平衡，確保引流暢通。當出現鮮紅血塊、引流量不足或病人劇烈痙攣時，均暗示可能發生阻塞或活動性出血，屬於臨床危急狀況，需立即回報醫師處理。
Bright red drainage with clots, a significant discrepancy between inflow and outflow volumes, and severe bladder spasms suggest active bleeding or catheter obstruction. These findings require immediate provider notification to prevent complications such as bladder rupture or urinary retention. Clear pink or light amber drainage is expected and indicates effective irrigation.
在美國臨床，若出現阻塞跡象，護理師通常會依據 Protocol 先進行手動沖洗（Manual irrigation）以排除血塊，若無效才通知醫師，這與台灣護理師需先通知醫師處理的習慣略有不同。