一位早期休克階段的病人，護理師應預期看到哪些評估發現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client in the early stages of shock. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BHypotension低血壓
- CTachypnea✓ 正解呼吸過速
- DIncreased urine output尿量增加
- ERestlessness✓ 正解煩躁不安
休克早期為代償期。交感神經系統活化導致心跳加快（Tachycardia）以維持心輸出量，呼吸加快（Tachypnea）以改善組織氧合，腦部缺血導致焦慮躁動（Restlessness）。此階段血壓通常仍能維持正常，尿量反而會因腎血流下降而減少，而非增加。這些生理反應均是為了在代償機制下維持重要器官灌流。
Early shock is the compensatory stage. Sympathetic nervous system activation increases heart rate (tachycardia) to maintain cardiac output, increases respiratory rate (tachypnea) to improve tissue oxygenation, and cerebral hypoperfusion produces anxiety and restlessness. At this stage, blood pressure typically remains within normal limits, and urine output actually decreases due to reduced renal blood flow rather than increasing. These physiological responses serve to maintain perfusion of vital organs through compensatory mechanisms.
兩地對於休克早期辨識皆強調對代償徵象（如微血管充盈時間、心跳、意識）的評估。