護理師正在照護一位有第一型糖尿病且出現低血糖的病人。下列哪些症狀最能指示低血糖？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following symptoms are MOST indicative of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis (sweating)✓ 正解盜汗 (出汗)
- BConfusion✓ 正解意識混亂
- CIncreased thirst口渴增加
- DNausea噁心
- ETremors✓ 正解震顫
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）是指血糖濃度低於 70 mg/dL。其症狀主要分為兩類：交感神經興奮症狀（如出汗、顫抖、心悸）及神經性低血糖症狀（如意識模糊、頭暈、抽搐）。當血糖過低，腦部缺乏能量，會迅速出現認知功能下降。本題需識別屬於神經或交感神經反應的急性症狀，以利護理師及早介入（如口服葡萄糖或靜脈給予 D50W）。高血糖症狀則多為三多一少（多渴、多尿、多食）或酮酸中毒（噁心、嘔吐、腹痛）。
Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. Its symptoms fall mainly into two categories: adrenergic (sympathetic activation) symptoms such as sweating, tremors, and palpitations; and neuroglycopenic symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, and seizures. When blood glucose drops too low, the brain lacks energy and cognitive function rapidly declines. This question requires identification of acute neurologic or sympathetic responses so that the nurse can intervene early (such as with oral glucose or IV D50W). Hyperglycemic symptoms are mainly the "three polys plus one" (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss) or signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain).