護理師照護一位高溫症（Hyperthermia）的病人。哪項措施是適當的？
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperthermia. Which intervention is appropriate?
- AIncrease the room temperature to avoid shivering提高室溫以避免寒顫
- BApply warm compresses to the forehead在前額敷熱敷包
- CCover the client with a thick blanket以厚毯覆蓋病人
- DAdminister cool, misted intravenous fluids✓ 正解給予冷卻的霧化靜脈輸注液
高溫症（Hyperthermia）的護理目標在於促進體溫下降並防止併發症。核心機制是透過傳導、對流與蒸發來散熱。靜脈輸注冷卻液體（Cool intravenous fluids）能直接降低核心體溫，屬於積極的物理降溫方式。反之，任何保暖措施或熱敷皆會阻礙熱量釋放，甚至引發更嚴重的體溫調節失衡。護理師應評估病人的生命徵象，並優先採取不干擾散熱的環境控制與物理降溫措施。
The nursing goal in hyperthermia is to promote cooling and prevent complications. Heat is dissipated through conduction, convection, and evaporation. Infusing cool IV fluids directly lowers core body temperature and is an active form of physical cooling. Conversely, any warming measure or warm compress traps heat and may worsen thermoregulatory imbalance. The nurse should assess vital signs and prioritize environmental control and physical cooling measures that do not impede heat loss.
在美國臨床中，對於重度高溫症（如中暑），除了靜脈冷卻液，常規會使用冷卻毯（Cooling blankets）或冰水浸泡（Ice water immersion），台灣臨床則較多依賴物理降溫與藥物退燒。