— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師給予嗎啡。哪些評估結果代表需回報的負面副作用？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering a dose of morphine. Which assessment indicates a negative side effect that requires reporting? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory rate of 8 breaths/min✓ 正解呼吸速率為每分鐘 8 次
- BExtreme sedation or difficulty awakening✓ 正解極度嗜睡或難以喚醒
- CConstipation便秘
- DPupillary constriction瞳孔縮小
- EMild nausea輕微噁心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
呼吸抑制（RR < 12）與嚴重鎮靜是嗎啡最致命的負面反應，必須立刻回報。便秘（C）雖常見，但屬預期內的副作用；瞳孔縮小（D）為藥理反應；輕微噁心（E）亦為常見反應。題目要求「負面副作用且需回報」，故選 A 與 B。
Respiratory depression (RR < 12) and severe sedation are the most life-threatening adverse effects of morphine and must be reported immediately. Constipation (C), while common, is an expected side effect; pupillary constriction (D) is a normal pharmacologic effect; mild nausea (E) is also common. The question asks for adverse effects requiring reporting, so the answers are A and B.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地皆有針對嗎啡導致的便秘給予常規處理的衛教，但美國對嚴重副作用的定義監測更為細緻。