— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人被處方服用華法林（Warfarin），護理師在出院衛教時應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge education plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of green leafy vegetables✓ 正解保持綠色葉菜攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以防止牙齦出血
- CReport any unexplained bruising or nosebleeds✓ 正解回報任何不明原因的瘀青或鼻出血
- DIncrease intake of cranberry juice to improve drug efficacy增加蔓越莓汁攝取以增強藥效
- EAvoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)✓ 正解避免服用非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAIDs）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林為維生素 K 拮抗劑，飲食中綠色蔬菜的維生素 K 攝取需穩定，不可忽多忽少影響藥效。NSAIDs 會增加出血風險故應避免，且需教導病人預防出血之生活行為及觀察出血跡象。蔓越莓汁可能增強抗凝血作用，不建議過量食用。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, and dietary vitamin K from green leafy vegetables must be kept consistent rather than fluctuating, as this affects drug efficacy. NSAIDs increase bleeding risk and should be avoided, and the client should be taught lifestyle measures to prevent bleeding and to recognize signs of bleeding. Cranberry juice may enhance the anticoagulant effect, so excessive intake is not recommended.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有完善的抗凝血門診（Anticoagulation Clinic）追蹤，台灣則多由心臟內科門診醫師統一管理。