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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

病人獲醫囑使用需監測谷值 (trough level) 的抗生素。護理師應何時抽血?

A client is prescribed an antibiotic that requires a trough level check. When should the nurse draw the blood sample?

  • A30 minutes after the infusion ends
    疫苗可以保護我不受子宮頸癌的侵害。
  • B1 hour before the next scheduled dose
    如果在開始性生活之前接種,疫苗的效力最佳。
  • CImmediately after the infusion ends
    我可能會在注射部位出現一些紅腫。
  • D30 minutes before the next scheduled dose✓ 正解
    接種疫苗後,我就不需要再定期接受子宫颈抹片檢查了。
Explanation · 中文詳解

監測藥物谷值(trough level)是確保某些抗生素(如萬古黴素、鏈黴素等)在體內濃度維持在有效治療範圍,同時避免毒性的重要手段。藥物谷值是指在給藥週期中,藥物在血液中的最低濃度。通常,在給予下一劑藥物前的最短時間點抽取血液樣本,才能準確反映藥物代謝後的最低濃度。因此,對於需要監測谷值的抗生素,抽血時間點應設定在預定給藥時間前的 30 分鐘。這樣可以確保藥物濃度尚未降至治療閾值以下,並為醫師評估是否需要調整劑量或給藥頻率提供依據。若在輸注結束後立即抽血(選項 C),所得濃度會是尖峰濃度(peak level)附近,無法代表谷值;輸注結束 30 分鐘後(選項 A)或 1 小時前(選項 B)抽血,則可能已錯過真正的谷值時點,或抽到已部分回升的濃度。

Monitoring drug trough levels is essential for ensuring that certain antibiotics (such as vancomycin and streptomycin) remain within the therapeutic range while avoiding toxicity. The trough level is the lowest serum drug concentration during a dosing cycle. To accurately reflect the lowest concentration after the drug is metabolized, the blood sample is drawn at the time point closest to the next scheduled dose. Therefore, for antibiotics requiring trough monitoring, the sample should be drawn 30 minutes before the next scheduled dose. This ensures that the level has not yet dropped below the therapeutic threshold and provides a basis for the prescriber to adjust dose or frequency. If blood is drawn immediately after the infusion ends (option C), the resulting level is near the peak, not the trough; drawing 30 minutes after the infusion ends (option A) or 1 hour before the next dose (option B) may miss the true trough or sample a concentration that has already partially risen.

✦ 台美臨床差異

監測藥物谷值(trough level)的時機在美國與台灣的臨床實務中是相同的,都遵循藥物動力學原理,即在下次給藥前約 30 分鐘抽血。然而,美國的護理師在執行此類檢驗前,可能更傾向於查閱藥物說明書(package insert)或醫院的藥物手冊,以確認精確的抽血時間點和藥物注意事項,並有較大的責任主動執行。台灣的護理師也同樣嚴謹,但有時會更依賴醫師或藥師的明確指示,且在藥物資訊的獲取管道上,可能更依賴醫院內部系統或實體藥典。

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