— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人給予靜脈注射氯化鉀 (KCl)，下列何者為必要護理措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) to a client with hypokalemia. Which nursing action is essential?
- ADilute the medication in 50 mL of sterile water only僅將藥物稀釋於 50 mL 無菌水中
- BVerify that the client has a urinary output of at least 30 mL/hr✓ 正解確認病人每小時尿量至少達 30 mL
- CRefrigerate the IV bag to prevent medication degradation將靜脈輸液袋冷藏以預防藥物降解
- DAdminister the dose as an intravenous bolus push以靜脈推注方式給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈補鉀嚴禁直接推注，會導致心律不整甚至心搏停止。給予鉀離子前必須確認腎功能，臨床以時尿量（Urine Output）至少 30 mL/hr 作為指標，確保鉀離子能經由腎臟排泄，避免蓄積造成高血鉀危象。
Intravenous potassium must never be given as a direct push, as this can cause cardiac arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest. Before administering potassium, renal function must be verified. Clinically, an hourly urine output of at least 30 mL/hr is used as the indicator to ensure that potassium can be excreted by the kidneys, preventing accumulation and a hyperkalemic crisis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於 KCl 給藥安全性要求一致，但台灣常規需經雙人核對才可掛載。