— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位嗜中性白血球減少症 (Neutropenia) 病人。照護計畫應包含哪項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with Neutropenia. Which intervention should be included in the plan of care?
- AProvide a humidifier to prevent dry mucous membranes提供加濕器以防止黏膜乾燥
- BAllow the client to have fresh flowers in the room允許病人在房間內放置鮮花
- CEncourage the client to eat fresh fruits and vegetables鼓勵病人食用新鮮水果和蔬菜
- DAvoid invasive procedures such as rectal temperatures✓ 正解避免侵入性程序，如測量肛門溫度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗜中性白血球減少（通常指 ANC < 1000/mm³）病人免疫力極低，易受感染。應採取保護性隔離：禁止鮮花和盆栽（水中和土壤有黴菌/細菌）；禁止生食（需煮熟）；避免侵入性處置（如肛溫、栓劑、導尿）以防黏膜破損導致菌血症；加濕器水槽易滋生細菌，應避免。
Clients with neutropenia have severely compromised immunity and require protective isolation to prevent infection. Invasive procedures such as rectal temperatures should be avoided because they can cause mucosal breaks, allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream and potentially leading to life-threatening sepsis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 針對「低微生物飲食」(Low-microbial diet) 的細節考得較多；台灣則多通稱為「保護性隔離」，但在生食禁忌上的宣導力道相似。