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藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ

一位患有雙相情緒障礙症(躁鬱症)的病人處方為碳酸鋰 300 mg,每日三次。病人下列哪項陳述顯示需要進一步的衛教?

A client with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium carbonate 300 mg three times daily. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

  • AI will start a low-sodium diet to help lose weight.✓ 正解
    我會開始低鈉飲食以幫助減重。
  • BI will make sure to drink 2 to 3 liters of water every day.
    我會確保每天喝 2 到 3 公升的水。
  • CI will have my blood levels checked regularly as ordered.
    我會按照指示定期抽血檢查。
  • DI should call my doctor if I have persistent diarrhea or vomiting.
    如果我持續腹瀉或嘔吐,我應該打電話給醫生。
Explanation · 中文詳解

鋰鹽(Lithium)是一種治療躁鬱症的情緒穩定劑,其治療指數非常窄(0.6-1.2 mEq/L),安全性受體內鈉離子濃度與水分平衡的強烈影響。鋰離子與鈉離子在腎臟競爭排泄,當病人減少鈉攝取(選項A)或因脫水導致鈉流失時,腎臟會代償性地保留鈉,同時也保留了鋰,進而導致血鋰濃度升高,增加中毒風險。因此,這題的核心概念在於「維持穩定的鈉攝取與充足的水分」。正確的指導應是維持原本的鹽分攝取,不可刻意限鹽。選項B、C、D 均為正確的自我照護:每日飲水 2-3 公升可預防脫水;定期監測血鋰濃度是安全用藥的基礎;腹瀉或嘔吐會導致電解質流失,是鋰中毒的常見誘因,必須及時就醫。臨床上,護理師應特別警惕病人在炎熱環境、運動或發燒時的電解質平衡,以防止鋰中毒引發的神經毒性或腎衰竭。

Starting a low-sodium diet indicates a need for further teaching because reduced sodium intake causes the kidneys to retain lithium, significantly increasing the risk of toxicity. Clients should maintain their usual sodium intake, stay well-hydrated, monitor serum levels, and report gastrointestinal symptoms that could lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國護理實務中,護理師對於精神科藥物中毒症狀的早期識別與病人教育被視為獨立性護理功能(Independent intervention),強調病人自我管理。在台灣,雖然也會進行藥物衛教,但臨床端往往更依賴醫師調整劑量與判讀報告,護理師在衛教內容中對於『飲食細節與藥物機轉』的連結解說深度有時因病房忙碌而略有差異。

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