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生理適應 · EASY · MCQ

一位病人的血鉀濃度為 6.8 mEq/L,心電圖顯示有尖峰式 T 波(peaked T-waves)。護理師預期應優先給予哪種藥物以保護心臟?

A nurse is caring for a client with a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notes peaked T-waves on the cardiac monitor. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer first to protect the heart?

  • ACalcium gluconate✓ 正解
    Calcium gluconate(葡萄糖酸鈣)
  • BFurosemide
    Furosemide(呋塞米)
  • CRegular insulin and dextrose
    Regular insulin and dextrose(常規胰島素併葡萄糖)
  • DSodium polystyrene sulfonate
    Sodium polystyrene sulfonate(聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉)
Explanation · 中文詳解

高血鉀治療的臨床決策需區分「穩定心肌」與「降低血鉀」。當病人出現心電圖改變(如尖峰式 T 波)時,首要任務是穩定細胞膜電位以預防致命性心律不整。葡萄糖酸鈣(Calcium gluconate)能在幾分鐘內拮抗鉀離子對心肌的毒性,是緊急情況下的首選。隨後才會使用胰島素加葡萄糖將鉀轉移至細胞內,或是使用降鉀樹脂(Kayexalate)與利尿劑將鉀排出體外。此題的核心在於區分緊急處置與根本治療的優先順序,安全原則要求先保護心臟再處理電解質數值。

When hyperkalemia causes ECG changes such as peaked T-waves, the priority is to stabilize the cardiac cell membrane to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Calcium gluconate antagonizes the toxic effects of potassium on the myocardium within minutes, serving as the first-line emergency intervention. Other treatments like insulin, diuretics, or sodium polystyrene sulfonate work more slowly to lower serum potassium levels but do not immediately protect the heart.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,這類高血鉀處置常包含在預立醫囑(Standing Orders)或 ACLS 流程中,護理師需具備判讀心律與立即備藥的能力;台灣醫院通常需先電話知會醫師確認心電圖,待醫師下達口頭或書面醫囑後才執行。

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