一位病人的血鉀濃度為 6.8 mEq/L,心電圖顯示有尖峰式 T 波(peaked T-waves)。護理師預期應優先給予哪種藥物以保護心臟?
A nurse is caring for a client with a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notes peaked T-waves on the cardiac monitor. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer first to protect the heart?
- ACalcium gluconate✓ 正解Calcium gluconate(葡萄糖酸鈣)
- BFurosemideFurosemide(呋塞米)
- CRegular insulin and dextroseRegular insulin and dextrose(常規胰島素併葡萄糖)
- DSodium polystyrene sulfonateSodium polystyrene sulfonate(聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉)
高血鉀治療的臨床決策需區分「穩定心肌」與「降低血鉀」。當病人出現心電圖改變(如尖峰式 T 波)時,首要任務是穩定細胞膜電位以預防致命性心律不整。葡萄糖酸鈣(Calcium gluconate)能在幾分鐘內拮抗鉀離子對心肌的毒性,是緊急情況下的首選。隨後才會使用胰島素加葡萄糖將鉀轉移至細胞內,或是使用降鉀樹脂(Kayexalate)與利尿劑將鉀排出體外。此題的核心在於區分緊急處置與根本治療的優先順序,安全原則要求先保護心臟再處理電解質數值。
When hyperkalemia causes ECG changes such as peaked T-waves, the priority is to stabilize the cardiac cell membrane to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Calcium gluconate antagonizes the toxic effects of potassium on the myocardium within minutes, serving as the first-line emergency intervention. Other treatments like insulin, diuretics, or sodium polystyrene sulfonate work more slowly to lower serum potassium levels but do not immediately protect the heart.
在美國,這類高血鉀處置常包含在預立醫囑(Standing Orders)或 ACLS 流程中,護理師需具備判讀心律與立即備藥的能力;台灣醫院通常需先電話知會醫師確認心電圖,待醫師下達口頭或書面醫囑後才執行。