— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備靜脈給予氯化鉀，下列哪些措施是確保安全的必要事項？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client. Which actions are necessary to ensure safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the medication is diluted according to facility policy✓ 正解確認藥物已依機構政策稀釋
- BAdminister the medication via an IV pump✓ 正解透過靜脈幫浦給藥
- CCheck the client's hourly urine output✓ 正解檢查病人的每小時尿量
- DPush the medication IV bolus quickly for immediate effect快速靜脈推注藥物以達到立即效果
- EAssess the IV site frequently for signs of infiltration✓ 正解經常評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈給予鉀離子屬於高警戒藥物。必須稀釋（A）並使用幫浦（B）控制速率，避免心律不整。給藥前需確保尿量充足（C）以排除腎功能衰竭。鉀離子具強烈刺激性，嚴禁推注（D），否則會導致心跳停止。此外，需頻繁評估注射處（E），避免藥液外滲導致組織壞死。
Safe administration of intravenous potassium chloride requires verifying that the solution is properly diluted and delivered via an infusion pump to prevent rapid infusion and cardiac arrest. Nurses must assess hourly urine output to ensure adequate renal function for excretion and frequently check the IV site for infiltration, as potassium is a vesicant that can cause severe tissue necrosis. Direct IV push is strictly prohibited.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆將高濃度鉀列為高警戒藥物，但美國更嚴格要求雙人核對與給藥幫浦的強制性檢查。