— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一名第一型糖尿病病人被發現意識不清，血糖 42 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取何種行動？
A client with type 1 diabetes is found unresponsive with a blood glucose of 42 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
- AGive 15g of oral glucose gel給予 15g 口服葡萄糖凝膠
- BAdminister 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly✓ 正解肌肉注射 1 mg 升糖素
- CStart an intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline開始 0.9% 生理食鹽水的靜脈輸注
- DRecheck blood glucose levels in 15 minutes15 分鐘後重新測量血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
對於意識不清的低血糖病人，其吞嚥反射可能受損，此時強行餵食（即使是葡萄糖膠）會導致嚴重誤吸（Aspiration）。肌肉注射（IM）升糖素（Glucagon）能快速促進肝醣分解，提升血糖濃度，是意識不清病人最安全且有效的搶救方式。在給予升糖素後，護理師應立即建立靜脈通道，準備後續給予靜脈注射葡萄糖水，以維持血糖穩定。
Administering intramuscular glucagon is the priority for an unresponsive client with severe hypoglycemia to avoid aspiration risk from oral intake. Glucagon rapidly raises blood sugar by promoting glycogenolysis, after which IV access should be established for further management.