接聽完早班交班報告後,護理師應優先查看哪位病人?
Which client should the nurse see first after receiving the morning shift report?
- AA client who had a total abdominal hysterectomy yesterday and is requesting oral pain medication.昨日接受全腹部子宮切除術且要求口服止痛藥的病人
- BA client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a pulse oximetry reading of 90%.血氧飽和度讀數為 90% 的慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)病人
- CA client with heart failure who gained 2 lbs (0.9 kg) overnight and has new-onset crackles at the bases.✓ 正解過夜體重增加 2 磅(0.9 kg)且基底出現新發性囉音的心衰竭病人
- DA client with a history of diabetes whose fasting blood glucose was 140 mg/dL this morning.今晨空腹血糖為 140 mg/dL 且有糖尿病史的病人
優先順序判斷應依據「急性勝過慢性」與「穩定勝過不穩定」。COPD 病人的 SpO2 90%(B)在其疾病背景下是可接受的常態。術後一天的疼痛(A)雖然不適,但通常是預期中的。空腹血糖 140(D)稍高但非急症。然而,心衰竭病人體重一夜增加 2 磅且出現新發作的肺部濕囉音(C),這是急性失代償性心衰竭(ADHF)與肺水腫的前兆。這代表液體負荷過重已經影響到呼吸功能(ABC 中的 B),隨時可能惡化為急性呼吸窘迫。護理師必須優先評估此病人,給予利尿劑或調整氧氣,以防止病情進一步惡化。這題考驗的是辨識「新發作的生理惡化徵象」。
The nurse should prioritize the client with heart failure exhibiting new-onset crackles and rapid weight gain, as these signs indicate acute fluid overload and potential respiratory compromise. While postoperative pain, stable COPD findings, and mildly elevated blood glucose require attention, they are not immediately life-threatening compared to acute decompensation affecting airway and breathing.
在美國護理實務中,護理師被賦予高度的自主權來判斷誰是「最不穩定」的病人並決定巡房順序。台灣臨床上,護理師有時會先去處理「最愛抱怨」或「家屬要求多」的病人。NCLEX 考試則強制要求回歸「生理徵象與 ABCs」的科學判斷,而非受病人的主觀情緒或行政瑣事干擾。