病人預計進行腹部大手術，護理師正衛教如何使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer）。下列哪項指導正確？
A client is scheduled for a major abdominal surgery. The nurse is teaching the client about the use of an incentive spirometer. Which instruction is correct?
- APerform 20 consecutive breaths as fast as possible盡可能快地連續進行 20 次呼吸
- BInhale deeply and slowly through the mouthpiece✓ 正解通過咬嘴深長且緩慢地吸氣
- CUse the device once every 4 hours while awake清醒時每 4 小時使用一次該裝置
- DExhale forcefully into the mouthpiece to raise the ball用力向咬嘴呼氣以提升球體
誘發性肺量計（IS）的目的是預防術後肺塌陷（Atelectasis），核心技巧在於『深而慢的吸氣』。透過緩慢吸氣，負壓能使肺泡充分擴張，並維持氣道開放。正確做法是含住咬嘴，緩慢吸氣至最大量，並在最高點憋氣約 3-5 秒，最後再移開咬嘴呼氣。選項 D 錯誤，因為 IS 是用來吸氣而非吐氣的（吐氣的是峰值流量計）；選項 C 頻率不足，標準建議是清醒時每小時 10 次；選項 A 過快呼吸會導致過度換氣（Hyperventilation）引發頭暈，且肺泡無法得到有效擴張。護理師必須確保病人理解是『吸氣』且要『慢』。
The primary goal of incentive spirometry is to prevent postoperative atelectasis by promoting deep, slow inhalation to fully expand the alveoli. Rapid breathing can cause hyperventilation and dizziness, while forceful exhalation is incorrect as the device measures inspiratory volume. Clients should perform this exercise approximately 10 times per hour while awake, holding their breath briefly at maximum inspiration.
美國 NCLEX 非常強調『每小時 10 次』這個具體數值；在台灣，護理師通常會說『想到就吸』或『看電視進廣告就吸』，較缺乏量化的執行標準，但在考試中必須選取具體的時間建議。