— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列何者為必要的安全防護措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following is an essential safety precaution?
- AAdminister as an IV bolus to ensure rapid correction作為靜脈推注以確保快速糾正。
- BVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確認周邊輸注的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL。
- CEnsure the client has a urine output of 10 mL/hr before starting確保開始輸注前病人的尿量為 10 mL/hr。
- DUse a gravity infusion set to maintain accuracy使用重力輸注套組以維持準確性。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，嚴禁靜脈快速推注（Bolus），這會引發心臟驟停。周邊輸注濃度應維持在一定標準（通常不超過 10-20 mEq/100 mL），以防血管炎。使用輸液幫浦確保準確度是標準流程，且輸注前須確認腎功能（尿量至少 30 mL/hr 以上）。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating to veins and must be diluted to prevent phlebitis when administered via peripheral lines. It should never be given as an IV bolus due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias, and infusion pumps are required for accuracy. Additionally, adequate renal function, indicated by a urine output of at least 30 mL/hr, is essential for safe excretion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆嚴格執行鉀離子不得推注的規範，且皆須透過輸液幫浦進行給藥。