Nurslix
— 降低風險 · MCQ —

一位 40 歲女性甲狀腺全切除術後正接受密切監測。護理師接獲呼救進入病房,發現個案緊抓喉嚨、呼吸困難,並可聽見明顯的吸氣性喘鳴音(stridor);頸部無菌敷料因迅速擴大的血腫而緊繃膨起。為了降低即將發生氣道阻塞的風險,護理師應預期到哪項併發症?必須立即採取什麼措施?

A 40-year-old female client is being closely monitored after a total thyroidectomy. The nurse responds to a commotion and finds the client clutching her throat, struggling to breathe, with audible inspiratory stridor. The sterile dressing over the neck appears taut from a rapidly expanding hematoma. To reduce the risk of imminent airway obstruction, which complication should the nurse anticipate, and what action must be taken immediately?

  • AAnxiety-related hyperventilation; the nurse should provide calm reassurance and coached breathing.焦慮引起的過度換氣;護理師應提供冷靜的安慰並指導呼吸
  • BTracheal deviation from a tension pneumothorax; the nurse should prepare a chest tube for pleural insertion.張力性氣胸引起的氣管偏移;護理師應準備胸腔引流管進行胸膜置入
  • CMedication-induced pulmonary edema; the nurse should administer IV furosemide to reduce fluid.藥物引起的肺水腫;護理師應給予靜脈注射 furosemide 以減少體液
  • DAirway obstruction caused by an expanding neck hematoma compressing the trachea; the nurse should immediately call a rapid response/code, and prepare a tracheostomy and suture-removal set at the bedside.擴大的頸部血腫壓迫氣管所致的氣道阻塞;護理師應立即呼叫快速反應小組/急救團隊,並在床邊準備氣管切開術包與縫線拆除組正確答案
— Answer · 正確答案 —
  • D擴大的頸部血腫壓迫氣管所致的氣道阻塞;護理師應立即呼叫快速反應小組/急救團隊,並在床邊準備氣管切開術包與縫線拆除組
— Why · 為什麼是這個答案 —

甲狀腺切除術後最危及生命的併發症之一是「擴大中的頸部血腫壓迫氣管」造成急性氣道阻塞。頸部空間有限,若手術部位的血管結紮鬆脫,血液會於皮下迅速積聚形成緊繃的血腫塊;血腫無法向外擴張,會由前方壓迫柔軟的氣管使其變窄,吸氣時氣流通過狹窄處便產生高頻的喘鳴音(stridor),這是氣道緊急的危險訊號。護理師的優先處置:(1) 立即啟動 rapid response 或 code;(2) 將病人擺成 high-Fowler 姿勢;(3) 床邊備妥 tracheostomy set 與 suture-removal set——必要時需在床邊拆除頸部縫線以釋放血腫壓力,恢復呼吸道通暢。其他選項:B 氣胸不會引起頸部血腫;C 肺水腫呈濕囉音與粉紅泡沫痰,並無頸部腫塊;A 將氣道阻塞誤判為焦慮過度換氣會延誤救治。

— Options · 其他選項為什麼不對 —
  • A焦慮引起的過度換氣;護理師應提供冷靜的安慰並指導呼吸

    將機械性氣道阻塞誤判為焦慮過度換氣會延誤關鍵的氣道處置,可能導致呼吸停止。

  • B張力性氣胸引起的氣管偏移;護理師應準備胸腔引流管進行胸膜置入

    張力性氣胸雖會引起氣管偏移與呼吸窘迫,但不會造成頸部血腫;本題的解剖部位指向上呼吸道而非胸腔,不符合。

  • C藥物引起的肺水腫;護理師應給予靜脈注射 furosemide 以減少體液

    肺水腫的典型表現為肺底濕囉音與粉紅泡沫痰,不會造成頸部血腫或上呼吸道喘鳴音。

  • D · 正確答案擴大的頸部血腫壓迫氣管所致的氣道阻塞;護理師應立即呼叫快速反應小組/急救團隊,並在床邊準備氣管切開術包與縫線拆除組

    正確。擴大中的頸部血腫會壓迫氣管造成危及生命的氣道阻塞;護理師應立即啟動緊急求救並備妥 tracheostomy 與 suture-removal set,必要時釋放血腫壓力以恢復氣道。

✦ 台美臨床差異

世界級外科學與耳鼻喉特有的送命題。「Thyroid Surgery (甲狀腺手術) 床頭一定要備 Trach kit (氣切包) 或 Suture remove kit (拆線包),聽到 Stridor (喘鳴) 立刻拆線防窒息」。這是所有病房無可逾越的防線守則。

English explanation

An expanding neck hematoma after thyroidectomy can compress the trachea, causing life-threatening airway obstruction evidenced by inspiratory stridor and a taut dressing. The nurse must immediately activate a rapid response and prepare to remove sutures at the bedside to relieve pressure, rather than misinterpreting the signs as anxiety or other conditions.

最近修訂:2026-10-05

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