護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後病人，下列哪項護理措施對降低靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）風險最為重要？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which action by the nurse is the most important to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism?
- AMaintain adequate hydration維持充足的水分攝取
- BAdminister prophylactic anticoagulants給予預防性抗凝血劑
- CApply sequential compression devices使用間歇性氣壓加壓裝置
- DEncourage early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
人工髖關節置換術後的病人，因手術本身及術後臥床，屬於靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）的高風險群。早期下床活動（Early ambulation）是目前實證醫學中最有效的預防方法，透過肌肉收縮引發的「肌肉幫浦（Muscle pump）」效應，有效促進下肢血液回流，防止血液在深層靜脈滯留。雖然抗凝血劑與壓縮設備也是預防手段，但物理性的活動是生理上最自然的預防機制，應優先鼓勵。
Early ambulation is the most effective evidence-based intervention for preventing venous thromboembolism after hip arthroplasty. Walking activates the skeletal muscle pump, which promotes venous return and prevents blood stasis in the lower extremities. While anticoagulants and compression devices are useful, physical movement provides the most natural physiological protection against clot formation.