病人預計接受經股動脈的心導管檢查，術後即刻最重要的護理措施為何？
A client is scheduled for a diagnostic cardiac catheterization via the femoral artery. Which nursing intervention is essential in the immediate postoperative period?
- AApply a hot pack to the puncture site在穿刺部位敷熱敷包
- BEncourage early ambulation to prevent DVT鼓勵早期下床活動以預防深層靜脈血栓
- CAdminister anticoagulants as prescribed依醫囑給予抗凝血劑
- DMaintain bed rest with the affected limb extended✓ 正解維持臥床並將患肢伸直
心導管檢查（Cardiac catheterization）經股動脈穿刺後，最嚴重的併發症為穿刺部位出血或形成假性動脈瘤（Pseudoaneurysm）。維持患肢伸直（Bed rest with leg extended）是為了防止股動脈穿刺點因髖關節彎曲而產生壓力，進而導致傷口出血或血腫。此為術後即刻最重要的安全防護措施，需持續觀察穿刺部位有無滲血、腫脹及遠端肢體循環（如足背動脈搏動、膚溫、膚色）。
Maintaining bed rest with the affected limb extended is essential to prevent kinking of the femoral artery and reduce the risk of bleeding or hematoma formation at the puncture site. Flexion of the hip can compromise hemostasis, so keeping the leg straight ensures vessel integrity while the site stabilizes.
美國臨床對於心導管術後護理極為嚴謹，常使用專門的動脈止血裝置（如 Angio-Seal 或 StarClose），護理師需確認裝置類型並遵循特定臥床時間（通常為 2-6 小時不等），護理重點在於嚴密監測穿刺點及遠端血循。