— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
病人表現出艾迪生危象（Addisonian crisis）的症狀。哪些發現符合此診斷？（選所有適合的）
A patient presents with symptoms of Addisonian crisis. Which assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BHyponatremia✓ 正解低血鈉
- CHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀
- DHyperglycemia高血糖
- ESevere pain in lower back or legs✓ 正解下背部或腿部劇烈疼痛
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
艾迪生危象（Addisonian crisis）是腎上腺皮質荷爾蒙嚴重缺乏的急性生命威脅。缺乏礦物皮質素（Aldosterone）會導致嚴重的鈉流失與鉀滯留，造成低血鈉與高血鉀。缺乏糖皮質素則導致低血糖與對抗壓能力的喪失。臨床常見低血壓、休克與腹部、背部劇烈疼痛。護理重點在於補充水分、電解質與靜脈注射皮質類固醇。
Addisonian crisis results from severe adrenal insufficiency, leading to aldosterone deficiency which causes sodium loss and potassium retention, resulting in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Cortisol deficiency contributes to hypoglycemia and hemodynamic instability, manifesting as hypotension. Patients often experience severe abdominal, back, or leg pain due to the acute physiological stress.