一位病人因壓砸傷導致右小腿發生腔室症候群 (Compartment Syndrome)。護理師應識別出下列哪項評估發現是此併發症的「早期」徵兆?
A client is diagnosed with compartment syndrome in the right lower leg following a crush injury. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as an early sign of this complication?
- AParalysis of the right foot右腳麻痺
- BParesthesia and intense pain unrelieved by opioids✓ 正解感覺異常及嗎啡無法緩解的劇痛
- CCool, cyanotic skin of the right toes右腳趾皮膚冰冷、發紺
- DAbsence of a palpable pedal pulse足背脈搏消失
腔室症候群是骨科急症,其臨床表現常被稱為 6Ps(Pain, Pressure, Paresthesia, Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness)。區分「早期」與「晚期」徵兆是考點關鍵。早期徵兆主要是感覺異常(Paresthesia,如刺痛或麻木)以及「與受傷程度不成比例的劇烈疼痛」,且這種疼痛對鴉片類止痛藥反應不佳。神經組織對缺血最敏感,因此感覺改變最先出現。而選項 D(脈搏消失)、A(癱瘓)、C(發紺)都屬於晚期徵兆,代表組織已經發生不可逆的壞死。護理師必須在「早期」階段就警覺並通知醫師進行筋膜切開術(Fasciotomy),否則將導致肢體永久性功能喪失。這體現了護理師在風險降低中「及早偵測」的重要性。
Monitoring aPTT assesses therapeutic effectiveness, checking for bleeding signs ensures patient safety, and tracking platelet counts detects heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. All three interventions are essential components of comprehensive heparin therapy management.
美國護理教育極度強調 6Ps 的順序性與早期介入(Fasciotomy);台灣臨床上護理師雖然也懂 6Ps,但在面對劇痛病人時,有時會傾向先聯繫醫師給予更多止痛藥,而非第一時間懷疑腔室症候群。