一位 55 歲高血壓病史病人主訴胸部有撕裂樣劇痛並輻射至背部。護理師應優先評估哪項指標?
A 55-year-old client with a history of hypertension reports a sudden, severe 'tearing' chest pain radiating to the back. Which nursing assessment is the highest priority?
- APresence of pedal pulses足背動脈搏動的存在與否
- BPeripheral capillary refill周邊毛細血管再充盈時間
- CBlood pressure in both arms✓ 正解雙側手臂的血壓
- DLevel of orientation意識程度
撕裂樣胸痛輻射至背部是主動脈剝離(Aortic Dissection)的典型症狀。主動脈剝離會導致假腔形成,進而影響主動脈弓的分支血流,導致左右臂血壓出現顯著差異(通常大於 20 mmHg)。這項評估能快速識別血管解剖結構異常,為緊急手術介入提供關鍵數據。處理此類急症的核心在於控制血壓及心跳,以防止剝離範圍擴大。評估血壓應作為第一步,因為這是決定後續緊急處置是否需立即進行降壓治療及手術諮詢的關鍵依據,具有高度的診斷價值,且執行快速且具備非侵入性特質。
A sudden, tearing chest pain radiating to the back suggests aortic dissection, where asymmetry in blood pressure between the arms is a hallmark diagnostic sign. Assessing blood pressure in both arms provides immediate, non-invasive evidence of vascular obstruction, guiding urgent interventions to control blood pressure and prevent further dissection.
美國護理訓練強調在疑似主動脈剝離時,護理師應主動進行四肢血壓比對;台灣醫療環境中,此類評估多由醫師在懷疑時進行,護理師雖能執行但較少常規性地在急診 triage 時即納入標準流程,可能較依賴超音波數據。