— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估病人的營養狀況，下列哪些發現與營養不良一致？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client for nutritional status. Which findings are consistent with malnutrition? (Select all that apply.)
- ABrittle hair and nails✓ 正解毛髮與指甲脆弱
- BPoor wound healing✓ 正解傷口癒合不良
- CElevated albumin levels白蛋白水平升高
- DMuscle wasting✓ 正解肌肉萎縮
- EPeripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
營養不良（Malnutrition）的評估指標涵蓋身體外觀與生化檢查。蛋白質長期缺乏會導致肌肉萎縮（Muscle wasting）、毛髮脆弱易斷、傷口癒合延遲（因膠原蛋白合成受阻）。此外，血漿白蛋白（Albumin）降低會導致血管膠體滲透壓下降，水分外滲至組織間隙，引發周邊水腫。白蛋白水平降低是營養不良的典型生化指標，而非上升。
Malnutrition manifests through physical signs such as brittle hair and nails due to protein deficiency, poor wound healing from impaired collagen synthesis, and muscle wasting as the body catabolizes tissue for energy. Additionally, hypoalbuminemia reduces plasma oncotic pressure, leading to peripheral edema.