下列哪些護理措施有助於預防導尿管相關尿路感染（CAUTI）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)? (Select all that apply.)
- AEmpty the drainage bag when it is half full✓ 正解當引流袋裝至一半時將其排空
- BMaintain a closed drainage system✓ 正解維持密閉式引流系統
- CClean the perineum daily✓ 正解每日清潔會陰部
- DUse antiseptic ointment at the insertion site在導管插入處使用抗菌藥膏
- EEnsure the bag is below the bladder level✓ 正解確保引流袋位置低於膀胱
預防導尿管相關尿路感染（CAUTI）的核心在於維持無菌封閉系統與良好的引流。NCLEX 強調實證護理（Evidence-based practice），所有介入措施皆是為了減少病原體進入尿道的機會。保持引流系統密閉、確保引流袋低於膀胱以防尿液逆流、定期清潔會陰部及在引流袋過滿前排空，均是預防感染的關鍵步驟。使用抗生素藥膏則無實證效果，且可能導致抗藥性。
Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) relies on maintaining a closed drainage system and minimizing bacterial entry through evidence-based practices. Key interventions include keeping the drainage bag below bladder level to prevent reflux, emptying it before it overflows, and performing daily perineal hygiene, while avoiding antiseptic ointments which lack efficacy and may promote resistance.
台灣臨床常見使用碘酒或優碘消毒尿道口，但在美國目前的實證指引中，多建議使用溫水與肥皂進行日常清潔即可，過度消毒反而可能破壞黏膜屏障。