— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位正在輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）的病人突然出現低血壓、臉部與頸部潮紅及搔癢。護理師最恰當的處置為何？
A patient receiving vancomycin infusion develops sudden hypotension, flushing of the face and neck, and pruritus. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
- AAdminister a bolus of normal saline給予生理食鹽水推注
- BAdminister an antihistamine immediately立即給予抗組織胺
- CSlow down the infusion rate✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
- DDiscontinue the infusion and notify the provider停止輸注並通知醫師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）並非真正的過敏反應，而是萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注過快導致組織胺（Histamine）大量釋放所引起的類過敏反應。典型症狀包括臉部、頸部、胸部潮紅，伴隨搔癢與低血壓。護理師的首要處置是減慢輸注速率，這通常能讓症狀緩解；若症狀嚴重或無法緩解，則需停止輸注並評估是否給予抗組織胺。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, presenting with flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. The nurse’s priority action is to slow the infusion rate, which typically resolves symptoms; complete discontinuation is reserved for severe anaphylactic reactions.