— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師採取下列哪些措施以預防導尿管相關泌尿道感染（CAUTI）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解保持引流袋低於膀胱水平
- BPerform perineal care at least twice daily✓ 正解每日至少進行兩次會陰護理
- CEmpty the drainage bag when it is completely full待引流袋完全充滿時再排放
- DSecure the catheter to the client's inner thigh✓ 正解將導尿管固定於病人大腿內側
- EMaintain a closed drainage system at all times✓ 正解隨時維持密閉式引流系統
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防導尿管相關泌尿道感染（CAUTI）的核心原則在於維持尿液引流系統的完整性並阻斷病原體逆行路徑。護理措施應聚焦於減少細菌定殖與移行的風險。正確選項均符合循證護理指引，包括保持引流袋低於膀胱以防尿液逆流、維持系統密閉性、減少導管拉扯以降低尿道黏膜損傷，以及執行會陰清潔。臨床思路應將導管視為異物，盡量減少不必要的侵入性操作與系統斷開。
To prevent CAUTI, the nurse must maintain a closed drainage system and keep the bag below bladder level to prevent reflux. Securing the catheter minimizes urethral trauma, while regular perineal care reduces microbial colonization. These evidence-based practices interrupt pathogen entry and reduce infection risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對於 CAUTI 的預防極為嚴格，通常會有專屬的 Bundle（組合式照護），且對於「是否需要導尿」的評估極為頻繁，若無醫囑適應症（如尿滯留、監測危急病人輸出量），護理師有權且有義務建議醫師拔除導管。