— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些病人發生醫院感染(HAI)的風險最高?(選所有適合的)
Which clients are at the highest risk for developing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient on long-term corticosteroid therapy✓ 正解接受長期皮質固醇治療的病人
- BClient with an indwelling urinary catheter✓ 正解留置導尿管的病人
- CClient who recently underwent an appendectomy近期接受闌尾切除術的病人
- DClient with a central venous line✓ 正解擁有中央靜脈導管的病人
- EClient receiving mechanical ventilation✓ 正解接受機械通氣的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
醫院感染(HAIs)高風險族群通常具有免疫功能受損或侵入性裝置。長期使用類固醇會抑制免疫反應;留置導尿管、中央靜脈導管及機械通氣皆繞過了身體自然的保護屏障(如皮膚與呼吸道黏膜),直接與外界環境相連,成為細菌進入體內的通道。這些裝置使用時間越長,感染風險呈指數上升,因此護理重點在於嚴格的無菌護理與儘早移除不必要的裝置。
Clients with compromised immune systems or invasive devices are at the highest risk for hospital-acquired infections. Long-term corticosteroid use suppresses the immune response, while indwelling urinary catheters, central venous lines, and mechanical ventilation bypass natural protective barriers, providing direct portals for bacterial entry.