一位病人在化療後診斷為嗜中性白血球減少症（Neutropenia）。哪項護理措施是降低感染風險的優先重點？
A client is diagnosed with neutropenia following chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is a priority to reduce the risk of infection?
- AMonitor the client's temperature every 8 hours每 8 小時監測病患體溫
- BAdminister prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed依醫囑給予預防性抗生素
- CEncourage the client to eat fresh fruits and vegetables鼓勵病患食用新鮮蔬果
- DPerform meticulous hand hygiene before entering the client's room✓ 正解進入病患房間前執行嚴謹的手部衛生
嗜中性白血球減少症病人的免疫力極低，任何微小的病原體都可能引發敗血症。降低感染風險最簡單且最有效的方法是醫護人員與訪客的徹底洗手（D）。選項 C 錯誤，因為新鮮蔬果可能帶有土壤中的細菌或真菌，這類病人通常應食用熟食（低微生物飲食）。選項 B 是醫療處置，雖然重要，但護理師自主執行的感控措施更為基礎。選項 A 是『監測』而非『預防』。護理的核心目標是阻斷傳播途徑，保護病人免受外源性感染。這是感染控制在風險管理中的典型應用。
Meticulous hand hygiene is the single most effective nursing intervention to prevent infection in clients with neutropenia, whose immune systems are severely compromised. While monitoring temperature identifies infection early, it does not prevent it. Fresh fruits and vegetables should be avoided due to potential pathogens, and antibiotics are a medical rather than independent nursing preventive measure.
美國 NCLEX 非常強調『洗手』在所有防護措施中的首位重要性；台灣臨床除洗手外，對於『保護性隔離』（Protective Isolation）的單人房配置與訪客限制執行得更為嚴格。