— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對於老年病人，下列哪項評估指標是評估液體狀態最可靠的數據？
Which assessment finding is the most reliable indicator of fluid status in an older adult client?
- APresence of peripheral edema周邊水腫的存在
- BSkin turgor on the forearm前臂的皮膚張力
- CMucous membrane dryness黏膜乾燥
- DDaily weight measurement✓ 正解每日體重測量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
評估體液狀態（Fluid status）時，每日體重（Daily weight）被公認為最敏感且可靠的指標。每 1 公斤的體重變化約等於 1 公升的液體滯留或流失，這對於監測心衰竭、腎功能不全或脫水病人至關重要。其他指標如皮膚張力（Skin turgor）受老年人皮膚彈性自然衰退影響，準確度大幅降低；而水腫與黏膜乾燥則受多種因素影響，變異性較大。
Daily weight measurement is the most sensitive and reliable indicator of fluid status because a change of 1 kg approximately equals 1 liter of fluid gain or loss. Other assessments like skin turgor are less accurate in older adults due to decreased skin elasticity, while edema and mucous membrane dryness can be influenced by various unrelated factors.