— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導剛被診斷為第一期高血壓的病人。應強調哪些生活型態調整?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is educating a client who has just been diagnosed with Stage 1 hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdopt the DASH diet✓ 正解採取 DASH 飲食
- BEngage in moderate-intensity exercise for 150 minutes per week✓ 正解每週進行 150 分鐘中等強度運動
- CMaintain a BMI of 18.5-24.9✓ 正解維持 BMI 在 18.5-24.9 之間
- DEliminate all alcohol intake完全戒除酒精攝取
- ELimit sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day✓ 正解將鈉攝取量限制在每日 2,300 mg 以下
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第一期高血壓首重非藥物控制。DASH 飲食法被證實能顯著降低血壓。運動建議每週 150 分鐘中等強度運動;體重控制在正常 BMI 範圍內(18.5-24.9);鈉攝取應低於 2,300 mg。D 錯誤:並非要求「完全戒除」酒精,指引建議的是「適量飲酒」(女性每日不超過 1 杯,男性不超過 2 杯)。
Lifestyle modifications are the cornerstone of managing Stage 1 hypertension. The DASH diet, regular moderate-intensity exercise, weight management to maintain a healthy BMI, and sodium restriction are all evidence-based interventions that effectively lower blood pressure. While alcohol should be limited, complete abstinence is not required unless specifically indicated.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國心臟學會(AHA)指引相當明確,台灣亦參考此指引,但臨床實務上營養師參與度在美國更高。