— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在照顧一位新診斷為糖尿病的病人。下列哪項措施是預防感染的首要考量？
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to reduce the risk of infection?
- ATeach the client to inspect their feet daily for any breaks in the skin✓ 正解教導病人每日檢查足部是否有皮膚破損
- BEncourage the client to increase their intake of vitamin C鼓勵病人增加維生素 C 的攝取
- CAdminister prophylactic antibiotics as ordered by the physician依醫師指示給予預防性抗生素
- DInstruct the client to change their wound dressing every other day指示病人每兩天更換一次傷口敷料
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病病人因高血糖導致神經病變（Neuropathy）與血管病變（Vascular disease），這使得足部對疼痛、溫度與受傷的感覺減弱。微小的傷口可能因循環不良而無法癒合，進而發展為嚴重的潰瘍或壞疽。每日檢查足部可以讓病人及早發現紅腫、水泡或割傷，及時就醫治療，這是預防糖尿病足併發症與截肢最關鍵的自我照護措施。
Daily foot inspection is the priority intervention because diabetes often causes neuropathy and vascular disease, reducing sensation and impairing healing. Early detection of skin breaks allows for timely treatment, preventing minor injuries from progressing to serious infections, ulcers, or amputations. While nutrition and wound care are important, proactive self-monitoring is key to infection prevention.