— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予靜脈注射氯化鉀，下列哪項安全措施必須執行？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following safety measures must the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the medication is diluted according to facility policy✓ 正解確認藥物已依機構政策稀釋
- BAdminister the dose as an IV bolus to ensure rapid correction以靜脈推注方式給藥以確保快速糾正
- CAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解評估靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
- DEnsure the medication is administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物透過輸液幫浦給藥
- EMonitor serum potassium levels before and after administration✓ 正解在給藥前後監測血清鉀離子濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀為高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication）。必須稀釋並經由輸液泵控制流速，嚴禁靜脈推注（Bolus），否則會導致致命的心律不整。給藥前後皆須追蹤血鉀濃度以防過量，並嚴密監測輸液部位，因其具有強烈刺激性，漏出易導致組織壞死。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must be diluted and administered via an infusion pump to ensure precise control and prevent fatal arrhythmias from rapid injection. The nurse must assess the IV site for phlebitis or infiltration, as potassium is irritating and can cause tissue necrosis if it leaks. Monitoring serum potassium levels before and after administration is essential to maintain safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對高警訊藥物有嚴格的雙人簽核制度（Double Check）；台灣亦有類似規定，但執行層面細節因醫院評鑑規範而異。