一位接受經尿道前列腺切除術(TURP)的病人正進行持續性膀胱沖洗(CBI)。護理師發現引流液呈現深紅色、濃稠且含血塊。護理師應優先採取何種措施?
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse notes dark red, thick, clot-filled drainage. What is the priority nursing action?
- ANotify the surgeon immediately立即通知外科醫師
- BAdminister an analgesic for bladder spasms給予止痛藥以緩解膀胱痙攣
- CIncrease the flow rate of the irrigation solution✓ 正解增加沖洗溶液的流速
- DDiscontinue the irrigation tubing停止沖洗管路
持續性膀胱沖洗(Continuous Bladder Irrigation, CBI)通常用於經尿道前列腺切除術(Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, TURP)後,目的是預防或清除血塊,維持尿液順暢引流。 當引流液呈現深紅色、濃稠且夾帶血塊時(dark red, thick, clot-filled drainage),這表示術後出血量較大,且有形成血塊阻塞尿管的風險。若血塊阻塞尿管,尿液無法排出,會導致膀胱過度擴張,引起劇烈疼痛,甚至可能影響腎臟功能。 此情況下的首要護理行動是「增加沖洗液的流速」(Increase the flow rate of the irrigation solution)(C)。透過增加沖洗液的量與速度,可以物理性地沖刷膀胱頸部的出血點,並將形成的血塊排出,維持尿管暢通。這是最直接、最有效的處理方式。 選項 A(通知外科醫師)雖然最終可能需要,但並非「優先」行動。護理師應先嘗試自行處理,若沖洗無效或情況惡化,再通知醫師。選項 B(給予止痛藥)可以緩解膀胱痙攣的疼痛,但無法解決血塊阻塞的問題。選項 D(停止沖洗管路)是絕對錯誤的,這會導致血塊迅速堆積,情況惡化。 臨床思路(Priority / Safety / Physiological Adaptation):在 TURP 後,維持尿管暢通是預防併發症的關鍵。監測引流量與顏色,並及時處理異常,是護理師的重要職責。
Dark red, thick, clot-filled drainage indicates significant postoperative bleeding with a high risk of catheter obstruction. The priority action is to increase the irrigation flow rate to physically flush out clots and maintain patency, preventing bladder distention and potential renal compromise.